The aim of this class is to teach fundamentals of science and mathematics through scientific literacy and experimental design. Along with some attention to epistemological considerations, exploring historical context will be essential. In the course, you will be required to construct your own thought experiments and provide a detailed explanation of the scientific or mathematical phenomenon behind your experiment. The course will require a considerable amount of writing, including short papers on the strengths and limitations of the particular arguments advanced by our sources, extensive research papers on the philosophical questions raised by thought experiments, the scientific and mathematical background of the thought experiment, and detailed presentations representing the process and conclusion of the thought experiment.